BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//UNIFR/WEBMASTER//NONSGML v1.0//EN
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20260611
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20260613
UID:19762@agenda.unifr.ch
DESCRIPTION:Following the Nazi seizure of power in January 1933, foreign nationals residing in Germany,\nas well as their countries of origin, were confronted with laws, decrees, and practices that\nviolated customary international law on aliens and bilateral settlement and legal protection\ntreaties. Based on the principle of "racial inequality," the Nazi regime targeted all "alien"\nand "racially inferior" persons, regardless of whether they held German or foreign\ncitizenship, and reduced their legal status below the minimum standard of international\nlaw. Furthermore, the unequal treatment of Jewish and non-Jewish people violated the\ntreaty-based equal treatment clauses enshrined in bilateral settlement agreements,\naccording to which the contracting states were obligated to treat the nationals of the other\nparty equally regarding certain legal positions as their own citizens. Nazi Germany justified\nthe inhumane and discriminatory treatment of foreign Jews by claiming that it ensured\nthey were treated equally to German Jews (but not to non-Jewish Germans).\n\nTo protect their own citizens, the respective countries of origin had consular and diplomatic\nprotection at their disposal. However, as the Swiss legal scholar and diplomat Peter Anton\nFeldscher explained as early as 1930, Switzerland had no "obligation to grant protection […]\nand responsibility for the proper fulfillment of the protective task exists only towards the\npeople as a whole and not towards the Swiss citizen as an individual." Thus, according to\nthe understanding at the time, it was "ultimately a matter of political consideration" how\n"the representation of Swiss interests vis-à-vis foreign countries could best be carried out."\n\nIn practice, the question of diplomatic protection ultimately took place within the tension\nbetween "higher national interests," such as maintaining proper diplomatic relations, and\nthe defense of the sense of justice recognized in international law on aliens as well as in\nthe respective legal system.\n\nThe conference "Citizenship and National Socialist Persecution" addresses questions that\nhave received remarkably little attention in research to date. It mainly focuses on the\nanalysis of state interventions to protect foreign citizens in Germany and the territories\noccupied by Germany during the Second World War. Furthermore, it examines the\nreactions of the German bureaucracy as well as collaborationist governments to foreign\ninterventions and the resulting conflict between "pragmatic foreign policy", the goals of\nNational Socialist ideology, and the willingness to collaborate.
SUMMARY:Conference: Citizenship and National Socialist Persecution
CATEGORIES:Conférence
LOCATION:MIS 03\, 3117\, Avenue de l'Europe 20\, 1700 Fribourg
URL;VALUE=URI:https://agenda.unifr.ch/e/fr/19762
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR